ALTER TABLE ... MODIFY QUERY 문

ALTER TABLE ... MODIFY QUERY 문을 사용하면 materialized view를 생성할 때 지정한 SELECT 쿼리를 수집 프로세스를 중단하지 않고 수정할 수 있습니다.

이 명령은 TO [db.]name 절로 생성된 materialized view를 변경하도록 설계되었습니다. 이 명령은 내부 스토리지 테이블의 구조를 변경하지 않고, materialized view의 컬럼 정의도 변경하지 않습니다. 이러한 이유로 이 명령은 TO [db.]name 절 없이 생성된 materialized view에는 적용이 매우 제한적입니다.

TO 테이블을 사용하는 예

CREATE TABLE events (ts DateTime, event_type String)
ENGINE = MergeTree ORDER BY (event_type, ts);

CREATE TABLE events_by_day (ts DateTime, event_type String, events_cnt UInt64)
ENGINE = SummingMergeTree ORDER BY (event_type, ts);

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mv TO events_by_day AS
SELECT toStartOfDay(ts) ts, event_type, count() events_cnt
FROM events
GROUP BY ts, event_type;

INSERT INTO events
SELECT DATE '2020-01-01' + interval number * 900 second,
       ['imp', 'click'][number%2+1]
FROM numbers(100);

SELECT ts, event_type, sum(events_cnt)
FROM events_by_day
GROUP BY ts, event_type
ORDER BY ts, event_type;

┌──────────────────ts─┬─event_type─┬─sum(events_cnt)─┐
│ 2020-01-01 00:00:00 │ click      │              48 │
│ 2020-01-01 00:00:00 │ imp        │              48 │
│ 2020-01-02 00:00:00 │ click      │               2 │
│ 2020-01-02 00:00:00 │ imp        │               2 │
└─────────────────────┴────────────┴─────────────────┘

-- Let's add the new measurement `cost`
-- and the new dimension `browser`.

ALTER TABLE events
  ADD COLUMN browser String,
  ADD COLUMN cost Float64;

-- Column do not have to match in a materialized view and TO
-- (destination table), so the next alter does not break insertion.

ALTER TABLE events_by_day
    ADD COLUMN cost Float64,
    ADD COLUMN browser String after event_type,
    MODIFY ORDER BY (event_type, ts, browser);

INSERT INTO events
SELECT Date '2020-01-02' + interval number * 900 second,
       ['imp', 'click'][number%2+1],
       ['firefox', 'safary', 'chrome'][number%3+1],
       10/(number+1)%33
FROM numbers(100);

-- New columns `browser` and `cost` are empty because we did not change Materialized View yet.

SELECT ts, event_type, browser, sum(events_cnt) events_cnt, round(sum(cost),2) cost
FROM events_by_day
GROUP BY ts, event_type, browser
ORDER BY ts, event_type;

┌──────────────────ts─┬─event_type─┬─browser─┬─events_cnt─┬─cost─┐
│ 2020-01-01 00:00:00 │ click      │         │         48 │    0 │
│ 2020-01-01 00:00:00 │ imp        │         │         48 │    0 │
│ 2020-01-02 00:00:00 │ click      │         │         50 │    0 │
│ 2020-01-02 00:00:00 │ imp        │         │         50 │    0 │
│ 2020-01-03 00:00:00 │ click      │         │          2 │    0 │
│ 2020-01-03 00:00:00 │ imp        │         │          2 │    0 │
└─────────────────────┴────────────┴─────────┴────────────┴──────┘

ALTER TABLE mv MODIFY QUERY
  SELECT toStartOfDay(ts) ts, event_type, browser,
  count() events_cnt,
  sum(cost) cost
  FROM events
  GROUP BY ts, event_type, browser;

INSERT INTO events
SELECT Date '2020-01-03' + interval number * 900 second,
       ['imp', 'click'][number%2+1],
       ['firefox', 'safary', 'chrome'][number%3+1],
       10/(number+1)%33
FROM numbers(100);

SELECT ts, event_type, browser, sum(events_cnt) events_cnt, round(sum(cost),2) cost
FROM events_by_day
GROUP BY ts, event_type, browser
ORDER BY ts, event_type;

┌──────────────────ts─┬─event_type─┬─browser─┬─events_cnt─┬──cost─┐
│ 2020-01-01 00:00:00 │ click      │         │         48 │     0 │
│ 2020-01-01 00:00:00 │ imp        │         │         48 │     0 │
│ 2020-01-02 00:00:00 │ click      │         │         50 │     0 │
│ 2020-01-02 00:00:00 │ imp        │         │         50 │     0 │
│ 2020-01-03 00:00:00 │ click      │ firefox │         16 │  6.84 │
│ 2020-01-03 00:00:00 │ click      │         │          2 │     0 │
│ 2020-01-03 00:00:00 │ click      │ safary  │         16 │  9.82 │
│ 2020-01-03 00:00:00 │ click      │ chrome  │         16 │  5.63 │
│ 2020-01-03 00:00:00 │ imp        │         │          2 │     0 │
│ 2020-01-03 00:00:00 │ imp        │ firefox │         16 │ 15.14 │
│ 2020-01-03 00:00:00 │ imp        │ safary  │         16 │  6.14 │
│ 2020-01-03 00:00:00 │ imp        │ chrome  │         16 │  7.89 │
│ 2020-01-04 00:00:00 │ click      │ safary  │          1 │   0.1 │
│ 2020-01-04 00:00:00 │ click      │ firefox │          1 │   0.1 │
│ 2020-01-04 00:00:00 │ imp        │ firefox │          1 │   0.1 │
│ 2020-01-04 00:00:00 │ imp        │ chrome  │          1 │   0.1 │
└─────────────────────┴────────────┴─────────┴────────────┴───────┘

-- !!! During `MODIFY ORDER BY` PRIMARY KEY was implicitly introduced.

SHOW CREATE TABLE events_by_day FORMAT TSVRaw

CREATE TABLE test.events_by_day
(
    `ts` DateTime,
    `event_type` String,
    `browser` String,
    `events_cnt` UInt64,
    `cost` Float64
)
ENGINE = SummingMergeTree
PRIMARY KEY (event_type, ts)
ORDER BY (event_type, ts, browser)

-- !!! The columns' definition is unchanged but it does not matter, we are not querying
-- MATERIALIZED VIEW, we are querying TO (storage) table.
-- SELECT section is updated.

SHOW CREATE TABLE mv FORMAT TSVRaw;

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW test.mv TO test.events_by_day
(
    `ts` DateTime,
    `event_type` String,
    `events_cnt` UInt64
) AS
SELECT
    toStartOfDay(ts) AS ts,
    event_type,
    browser,
    count() AS events_cnt,
    sum(cost) AS cost
FROM test.events
GROUP BY
    ts,
    event_type,
    browser

TO 테이블이 없는 예시

SELECT 섹션만 변경할 수 있고 새로운 컬럼을 추가할 수 없기 때문에 애플리케이션의 기능이 매우 제한됩니다.

CREATE TABLE src_table (`a` UInt32) ENGINE = MergeTree ORDER BY a;
CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW mv (`a` UInt32) ENGINE = MergeTree ORDER BY a AS SELECT a FROM src_table;
INSERT INTO src_table (a) VALUES (1), (2);
SELECT * FROM mv;

┌─a─┐
│ 1 │
│ 2 │
└───┘

ALTER TABLE mv MODIFY QUERY SELECT a * 2 as a FROM src_table;
INSERT INTO src_table (a) VALUES (3), (4);
SELECT * FROM mv;

┌─a─┐
│ 6 │
│ 8 │
└───┘
┌─a─┐
│ 1 │
│ 2 │
└───┘

ALTER TABLE ... MODIFY REFRESH 문

ALTER TABLE ... MODIFY REFRESH 문은 갱신 가능 구체화 뷰의 갱신 매개변수를 변경합니다. 자세한 내용은 갱신 매개변수 변경을 참고하십시오.

ALTER TABLE ... MODIFY REFRESH 문​

ALTER TABLE ... MODIFY REFRESH 문